{"generated":"2026-08-25","years":[2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"headline_year":2024,"grades":{"A":"RSE < 15 %","B":"RSE 15–30 %","S":"RSE ≥ 30 % o n < 30"},"indicators":{"lfpr":{"label_es":"Tasa de actividad (PEA/PET, 14+)","label_en":"Labour force participation rate (14+)","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"epr":{"label_es":"Ratio empleo-población","label_en":"Employment-to-population ratio","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"ur":{"label_es":"Tasa de desempleo","label_en":"Unemployment rate","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"ur_youth":{"label_es":"Tasa de desempleo juvenil (15–29)","label_en":"Youth unemployment rate (15–29)","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"informality":{"label_es":"Tasa de empleo informal","label_en":"Informal employment rate","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"formality":{"label_es":"Tasa de empleo formal","label_en":"Formal employment rate","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"informal_in_sector":{"label_es":"Empleo en el sector informal","label_en":"Employment in the informal sector","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"subemp_hours":{"label_es":"Subempleo por horas","label_en":"Time-related underemployment","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"subemp_income":{"label_es":"Subempleo por ingresos (aprox. RMV)","label_en":"Income-related underemployment (approx.)","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"adecuado":{"label_es":"Empleo adecuado (aprox.)","label_en":"Adequate employment (approx.)","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"neet":{"label_es":"Jóvenes 15–29 que ni estudian ni trabajan","label_en":"NEET rate (15–29)","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"median_inc_real":{"label_es":"Ingreso laboral mensual mediano (S/ 2024)","label_en":"Median monthly labour income (2024 S/)","unit":"S/","type":"median"},"mean_inc_real":{"label_es":"Ingreso laboral mensual promedio (S/ 2024)","label_en":"Mean monthly labour income (2024 S/)","unit":"S/","type":"mean"},"inc_p10":{"label_es":"Ingreso laboral p10 (S/ 2024)","label_en":"Labour income p10","unit":"S/","type":"quantile"},"inc_p25":{"label_es":"Ingreso laboral p25 (S/ 2024)","label_en":"Labour income p25","unit":"S/","type":"quantile"},"inc_p75":{"label_es":"Ingreso laboral p75 (S/ 2024)","label_en":"Labour income p75","unit":"S/","type":"quantile"},"inc_p90":{"label_es":"Ingreso laboral p90 (S/ 2024)","label_en":"Labour income p90","unit":"S/","type":"quantile"},"hours_mean":{"label_es":"Horas semanales promedio","label_en":"Mean weekly hours","unit":"h","type":"mean"},"hours_lt35":{"label_es":"Ocupados con menos de 35 h","label_en":"Employed <35 h/week","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"hours_le48":{"label_es":"Ocupados con 48 h o menos","label_en":"Employed ≤48 h/week","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"hours_ge60":{"label_es":"Ocupados con 60 h o más","label_en":"Employed ≥60 h/week","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"contract_any":{"label_es":"Asalariados con contrato","label_en":"Wage workers with a contract","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"contract_indef":{"label_es":"Asalariados con contrato indefinido","label_en":"Wage workers with open-ended contract","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"pension":{"label_es":"Ocupados afiliados a un sistema de pensiones","label_en":"Employed with pension affiliation","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"seguro":{"label_es":"Ocupados con seguro de salud","label_en":"Employed with health insurance","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"essalud":{"label_es":"Ocupados afiliados a EsSalud","label_en":"Employed affiliated to EsSalud","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"firm_small":{"label_es":"Ocupados en unidades de hasta 20 trabajadores","label_en":"Employed in firms ≤20 workers","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"self_emp":{"label_es":"Trabajadores independientes","label_en":"Own-account workers","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"tfnr":{"label_es":"Trabajadores familiares no remunerados","label_en":"Unpaid family workers","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"secondary_job":{"label_es":"Ocupados con ocupación secundaria","label_en":"Employed with a secondary job","unit":"%","type":"prop"},"status_dist":{"label_es":"Distribución por categoría ocupacional","label_en":"Employment status distribution","unit":"%","type":"dist"},"sector_dist":{"label_es":"Distribución por rama de actividad","label_en":"Industry distribution","unit":"%","type":"dist"},"educ_dist":{"label_es":"Ocupados por nivel educativo","label_en":"Employed by education level","unit":"%","type":"dist"},"gap_lfpr":{"label_es":"Brecha de participación hombres−mujeres (pp)","label_en":"Participation gap men−women (pp)","unit":"pp","type":"diff"},"gap_ur":{"label_es":"Brecha de desempleo mujeres−hombres (pp)","label_en":"Unemployment gap women−men (pp)","unit":"pp","type":"diff"},"gap_inc":{"label_es":"Ingreso mediano mujeres / hombres","label_en":"Median income women / men","unit":"ratio","type":"ratio_median"}},"domains":{"national":{"label_es":"Nacional","labels":{}},"sex":{"label_es":"Sexo","labels":{"1":"Hombres","2":"Mujeres"}},"age4":{"label_es":"Grupo de edad","labels":{"1":"14–24","2":"25–44","3":"45–64","4":"65 y más"}},"educ4":{"label_es":"Nivel educativo","labels":{"1":"Hasta primaria","2":"Secundaria","3":"Superior no universitaria","4":"Universitaria y posgrado"}},"area":{"label_es":"Área","labels":{"1":"Urbano","2":"Rural"}},"region_nat":{"label_es":"Región natural","labels":{"1":"Costa","2":"Sierra","3":"Selva","4":"Lima Metropolitana"}},"lengua3":{"label_es":"Lengua materna","labels":{"1":"Lengua indígena u originaria","2":"Castellano","3":"Otra / no habla"}},"etnia6":{"label_es":"Autoidentificación étnica","labels":{"1":"Quechua","2":"Aimara","3":"Amazónico / otro pueblo indígena","4":"Afroperuano","5":"Blanco / mestizo","6":"Otro / no sabe"}},"mig2":{"label_es":"Condición migratoria (5 años)","labels":{"1":"No migrante","2":"Migrante interdepartamental reciente"}},"dept":{"label_es":"Departamento","labels":{}},"lima":{"label_es":"Lima Metropolitana / Lima Región","labels":{"15M":"Lima Metropolitana (incl. Callao)","15R":"Lima Región"}},"dept_sex":{"label_es":"Departamento × sexo","labels":{}},"sex_age4":{"label_es":"Sexo × edad","labels":{}},"sex_educ4":{"label_es":"Sexo × educación","labels":{}},"sex_area":{"label_es":"Sexo × área","labels":{}},"dept_age4":{"label_es":"Departamento × edad","labels":{}},"dept_lengua3":{"label_es":"Departamento × lengua materna","labels":{}},"dept_area":{"label_es":"Departamento × área","labels":{}}},"ipc":[{"year":2014,"ipc_avg":115.4698,"deflator_to_2024":1.417616},{"year":2015,"ipc_avg":119.5665,"deflator_to_2024":1.369044},{"year":2016,"ipc_avg":123.8626,"deflator_to_2024":1.32156},{"year":2017,"ipc_avg":127.3355,"deflator_to_2024":1.285516},{"year":2018,"ipc_avg":129.0121,"deflator_to_2024":1.268809},{"year":2019,"ipc_avg":131.7676,"deflator_to_2024":1.242276},{"year":2020,"ipc_avg":134.1754,"deflator_to_2024":1.219984},{"year":2021,"ipc_avg":139.5143,"deflator_to_2024":1.173298},{"year":2022,"ipc_avg":150.5042,"deflator_to_2024":1.087623},{"year":2023,"ipc_avg":159.9323,"deflator_to_2024":1.023507},{"year":2024,"ipc_avg":163.6918,"deflator_to_2024":1.0}],"informality_rule":{"sector":"sin RUC (p510a1 == 3)","wage":"sin seguro de salud ligado al trabajo (EsSalud/EPS/privado/FFAA) y sin afiliación a pensión, o contrato por locación de servicios (5) o sin contrato (7)","tfnr":"siempre informal","source_by_year":{"2014":"inei_ocupinf","2015":"inei_ocupinf","2016":"inei_ocupinf","2017":"inei_ocupinf","2018":"inei_ocupinf","2019":"inei_ocupinf","2020":"inei_ocupinf","2021":"inei_ocupinf","2022":"inei_ocupinf","2023":"inei_ocupinf","2024":"rule"},"agreement":{"2014":{"agree_w":0.962,"rate_rule":71.64,"rate_inei":72.97},"2015":{"agree_w":0.963,"rate_rule":71.89,"rate_inei":73.23},"2016":{"agree_w":0.9653,"rate_rule":70.47,"rate_inei":72.0},"2017":{"agree_w":0.9659,"rate_rule":70.79,"rate_inei":72.63},"2018":{"agree_w":0.9758,"rate_rule":71.38,"rate_inei":72.4},"2019":{"agree_w":0.9763,"rate_rule":71.82,"rate_inei":72.72},"2020":{"agree_w":0.9723,"rate_rule":73.46,"rate_inei":75.34},"2021":{"agree_w":0.9762,"rate_rule":75.56,"rate_inei":76.82},"2022":{"agree_w":0.9758,"rate_rule":74.77,"rate_inei":75.66},"2023":{"agree_w":0.9836,"rate_rule":73.66,"rate_inei":73.89}}},"design":{"weight":"fac500a","psu":"conglome","strata":"departamento × estrato (pseudo-estratos)","variance":"Linealización de Taylor; estratos con un PSU centrados en la media global","median":"IC de Woodruff"},"sample":{"2014":87285,"2015":87653,"2016":96917,"2017":92693,"2018":99150,"2019":91668,"2020":90560,"2021":86166,"2022":87156,"2023":86183,"2024":85537}}